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Freight Density Calculator

Calculate cargo density and determine freight class for LTL shipments. Works for XPO, FedEx, UPS, Saia, Estes, and all NMFC-based carriers.

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Density Formula: Weight (lbs) ÷ Cubic Feet = Density (lbs/cu ft)

Higher density = Lower freight class = Lower shipping cost

📦 Shipment Dimensions

💡 Tip: Measure the extreme dimensions including packaging. Round up to the nearest inch for accuracy.

📊 Results

Estimated Freight Class

250

High Cost

Density

3.75 lbs/cu ft

Weight150 lbs
Volume40 cu ft
Cubic Inches69,120 cu in

Freight Class Scale:

50

70

100

150

200

300

500

CheapestMost Expensive

📦 Understanding Freight Density & Class

Freight density is a key factor in determining how much it costs to ship goods via LTL (Less-Than-Truckload) carriers like XPO, FedEx Freight, UPS Freight, Saia, and Estes. It measures how much space your shipment takes relative to its weight.

How to Calculate Freight Density

Step-by-Step:

  1. Measure Length × Width × Height in inches
  2. Divide by 1,728 to get Cubic Feet
  3. Divide Weight (lbs) by Cubic Feet
  4. Result = Density in lbs per cubic foot

Why Density Matters

Carriers need to maximize trailer space and weight capacity. A shipment that takes up lots of space but weighs little (low density) costs more to ship because it prevents carriers from using that space efficiently. Conversely, dense shipments are cheaper because carriers can fit more revenue-generating freight in the same space.

Avoiding Reclassification Fees

Carriers may re-weigh and re-measure your shipment at their terminal. If the actual density differs from what you declared, they'll reclassify it and adjust your bill. To avoid surprises: measure accurately, include packaging weight, and round up dimensions to the nearest inch.

📋 Quick Reference

• 1 cu ft = 1,728 cu in

• Class 50 = cheapest

• Class 500 = most expensive

• Higher density = lower class

• Standard pallet: 48×40

🚛 Works For

• XPO Logistics

• FedEx Freight

• UPS Freight

• Saia LTL Freight

• Estes Express

• Old Dominion (ODFL)

• All NMFC carriers

Frequently Asked Questions

Cargo density is calculated by dividing the total weight (in pounds) by the total volume (in cubic feet). The formula is: Density = Weight (lbs) ÷ Cubic Feet. To get cubic feet from inch measurements: Cubic Feet = (Length × Width × Height) ÷ 1,728. For example, a 150 lb shipment measuring 48×40×36 inches has a volume of 40 cubic feet and a density of 3.75 lbs/cu ft.

XPO and other LTL carriers use the NMFC (National Motor Freight Classification) system. Freight class is primarily determined by density, but also considers handling, stowability, and liability. Use our calculator to find your density, then match it to the freight class chart. Higher density = lower class = lower shipping cost. Most commodities fall into one of 18 classes from 50 to 500.

The NMFC system is a standardized classification system created by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA). It assigns freight classes (50-500) based on four factors: density (weight per cubic foot), handling requirements, stowability, and liability. Class 50 is the cheapest to ship (heavy, dense items) while Class 500 is the most expensive (light, bulky items).

Freight class directly affects your shipping costs. Incorrectly classifying your freight can result in reclassification fees, billing adjustments, and unexpected charges. Carriers may weigh and measure your shipment to verify the class. Accurate classification helps you get accurate quotes and avoid surprises on your invoice.

While density is the primary factor, freight class also considers: Handling - special equipment or care needed; Stowability - how well it fits with other freight; Liability - risk of damage, theft, or perishability. Hazardous materials, fragile items, or irregularly shaped freight may be assigned a higher class regardless of density.

Class 50 freight is very dense (≥50 lbs/cu ft), compact, and easy to handle - like nuts, bolts, or steel. It's the cheapest to ship. Class 500 freight is very light (<1 lb/cu ft), bulky, and takes up lots of space - like ping pong balls or styrofoam. The huge difference in density means Class 500 can cost 5-10x more to ship than Class 50 for the same weight.

⚠️ Disclaimer: This calculator provides estimates based on density alone. Actual freight class may vary based on commodity type, handling requirements, stowability, and liability factors. Always verify classification with your carrier and the official NMFC tariff. Carriers reserve the right to re-weigh and re-classify shipments.